A. An 18-year-old male who asks for help selecting an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant who has exercise-induced asthma and says his symptoms are lingering from a recent bout of COVID-19 B. A 65-year-old woman who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is looking for a product to address a productive cough and headache, and says she prefers aspirin for pain C. A 42-year-old man who complains of fatigue and worsening loss of smell and taste who has used OTC self-care options for congestion for more than 5 years with suboptimal relief D. An 85-year-old male who boasts that he has no diagnosed health conditions but recently developed facial and dental pain, and hoarseness with some postnasal drip and wants an OTC product E. Unsure

A. Technically, patients need nasal endoscopy (and sometimes X-rays) for reliable diagnoses, but prevalence estimates are currently based on questionnaires B. Most patients who have CRSwNP are reluctant to admit that it is a problem and do not engage in data gathering efforts launched by researchers C. This condition is so rare that experts have not established diagnostic criteria, so questionnaire data is based on the patient's subjective opinion D. Technically, patients need an ultrasound of the sinuses (and sometimes an MRI) for reliable diagnoses, but prevalence estimates are currently based on questionnaires E. Unsure

A. People with severe CRSwNP miss few days of work every year, but they tend to be unproductive about 25% of the time B. People with severe CRSwNP miss approximately 25% of workdays every year, and they are unproductive almost always while at work C. People with severe CRSwNP rarely miss work due to their symptoms, and it is difficult to know if presenteeism is a problem because CRSwNP is rare D. People with severe CRSwNP miss approximately 24.6 days every year, and they are unproductive on an additional 38.8 days E. Unsure

A. Biologics that target interleukin-5 (IL-5) B. Saline irrigation C. Systemic corticosteroids D. Intranasal corticosteroids E. Unsure

A. Patients have difficulty manipulating the currently available inhaler devices B. Ideally, they would like to deliver the biologics using an inhaler-like device C. Patients on current drug delivery devices are expiring and companies need new income streams D. As polyps enlarge, they block medication delivery to affected areas of the sinuses E. Unsure

A. Dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab B. Dupilumab, mepolizumab, and rituximab C. Dupilumab, omalizumab, and benralizumab D. Dupilumab, omalizumab, and tezepelumab E. Unsure

A. Omalizumab targets IL-5 B. Benralizumab is an anti-immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) antibody C. Dupilumab inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling D. Tezepelumab upregulates IL-5 E. Unsure

A. CRSwNP is a chronic infection that, if treated long enough, will resolve B. CRSwNP is an inflammatory condition that will resolve with systemic steroids C. Patients with CRSwNP will need to manage their CRSwNP indefinitely D. The only real cure for CRSwNP is surgery, and the sooner the better E. Unsure

A. He should ask his prescriber to switch him to a different biologic because this one is ineffective B. He should ask to have an additional biologic added so he will benefit from a different mechanism of action C. He should pursue a second opinion and possibly surgery, as he has either been misdiagnosed or needs large polyps removed D. He should continue to use this biologic because prescribers can only assess its effectiveness after 6 months of treatment E. Unsure

A. A newly diagnosed patient who has not yet tried any other treatment; early intervention is critical B. A patient who has mild-to-moderate CRSwNP and has needed 1 course of systemic corticosteroid in the last 5 years C. A patient who has steroid-dependent asthma and comorbid CRSwNP and who is not eligible for surgery because of declining health D. A patient who has moderate-to-severe COPD and is on oxygen and prefers a treatment that she does not need to take daily or inject at home E. Unsure