1. Which of the following medications shown to reduce opioid consumption is also associated with reductions in mean arterial pressures?
A. IV lidocaine
B. IV ketamine
C. IV acetaminophen
D. Oral gabapentin
2. Current guidelines recommend the use of analgosedation for the ICU patient experiencing agitation to minimize pain and discomfort. When is this pharmacologic strategy potentially inappropriate as a first-line approach?
A. Drug-induced agitation
B. Substance-use withdrawal (other than opioids)
C. Agitation with a clear and reversible cause not associated with pain
D. All of the above
3. The under-recognition of pain and discomfort in the ICU is a well-documented barrier to patient comfort and satisfaction. Which of the following scales have been recommended by the PADIS guideline subcommittee to assess pain in the ICU patient?
A. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)
B. Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS)
C. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
D. All of the above
4. All opioid pain medications confer pain management by agonism of the µ-opioid receptor. Which of the following opioids may offer an additional pain management strategy by increasing analgesia sensitivity through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism?
A. Morphine
B. Methadone
C. Hydromorphone
D. Remifentanil
5. Rehabilitation and mobilization should be performed in all stable critically ill patients. How can pharmacists help improve patient participation with physical therapy?
A. Avoid oversedation by titrating intravenous dexmedetomidine to comfort
B. Uses intravenous fentanyl boluses to provide comfort during mobility exercises
C. Recommend ziprasidone for delirium treatment
D. Recommend quetiapine for delirium treatment
6. Pharmacists should encourage which of the following pain, agitation, and delirium management practices in ICU settings?
A. Target deep sedation to facilitate patient comfort.
B. Assess sedation, pain, and agitation systematically to guide management strategies.
C. Facilitate total amnesia of the patient's ICU experience as a means of preventing PTSD.
D. Encourage the use of continuous infusion of benzodiazepines since they represent a cost-effective means of providing patient comfort.
7. Which enteral medication exhibits pharmacologic activity similar to dexmedetomidine and may help wean a patient with a functional GI tract from dexmedetomidine?
A. Guanfacine
B. Clonidine
C. Phenobarbital
D. Lorazepam
8. When given as a continuous infusion, which sedative agent has the potential to cause a high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
A. Propofol
B. Midazolam
C. Dexmedetomidine
D. Lorazepam
9. Management of sleep in nonmechanically ventilated critically ill patients should consist of which evidence-based pharmacologic therapy?
A. Melatonin
B. Dexmedetomidine
C. Propofol
D. No pharmacologic interventions have shown benefit
10. When an opioid agonist is being selected with the desire for rapid-onset pain control, which of the following agents should be considered first?
A. Fentanyl
B. Hydromorphone
C. Methadone
D. Morphine
Evaluation Questions
11. To what extent did the program meet objective #1?
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
12. To what extent did the program meet objective #2?
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
13. To what extent did the program meet objective #3?
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
14. To what extent did the program meet objective #4?
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
15. To what extent did the program meet objective #5?
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
16. Rate the effectiveness of how well the program related to your educational needs:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
17. Rate how well the active learning strategies (questions, cases, discussions) were appropriate and effective learning tools:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
18. Rate the quality of the faculty:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
19. Rate the effectiveness and the overall usefulness of the material presented:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
20. Rate the appropriateness of the examination for this activity:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
21. Rate the effectiveness of how well the activity related to your practice needs:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
22. Rate the effectiveness of how well the activity will help you improve patient care:
A. Excellent
B. Very Good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
23. Will the information presented cause you to change your practice?
A. Yes
B. No
24. Are you committed to making these changes?
A. Yes
B. No
25. As a result of this activity, did you learn something new?
A. Yes
B. No
26. What is your practice setting or area of practice?
A. Community Pharmacy/Independent
B. Community Pharmacy/Chain
C. Hospital/Health Systems
D. Administrative/Pharmacy Director
E. Critical Care Pharmacy
F. Long-term Care
G. Managed Care/PBM
H. Oncology
I. Specialty Pharmacy
J. Industry/Manufacturing
27. How many years have you been in practice?
A. <5
B. 5 – 10
C. 11 – 20
D. >20
