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1. Allergic rhinitis affects what percentage of the United States population?

A. 1% -- 2% B. 10% -- 20% C. 50% D. 70% -- 80%

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the annual socioeconomic burden of allergic rhinitis:

A. Approximately 824,000 school days are missed in the United States B. The direct cost of prescription medication is less than $2 million dollars worldwide C. Lost productivity is estimated at 1.5 million dollars worldwide D. The socioeconomic burden of allergic rhinitis is not significant

3. Histamine is an important mediator of the allergic response. The release of histamine produces which of the following symptoms:

A. Smooth muscle dilation B. Mucus secretion C. Sensory nerve blockade D. Histamine is not released as part of an allergic response

4. In the late-phase allergic response, patients typically present with persistent nasal congestion, copious rhinorrhea and sneezing:

A. True B. False

5. Drugs than can cause rhinitis include which of the following:

A. Pseudoephedrine B. Hydralazine C. Loratadine D. Phenylephrine

6. The predisposing risk factors for allergic rhinitis include which of the following:

A. Positive family history of atopic (allergic) disorders B. Low serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) < 10 IU/mL before aged 6 years C. Lower socioeconomic class D. All of the above

7. Symptoms that may be considered “red flags” that signal other medical conditions when experienced by a person with allergic rhinitis include which of the following:

A. Fever B. Night sweats C. Hemoptysis D. All of the above

8. Which of the following is the cornerstone of managing allergic rhinitis:

A. First-generation oral antihistamines B. Intranasal decongestants C. Allergen trigger avoidance D. Ipratropium bromide nasal spray

9. Which is the following is TRUE regarding pseudoephedrine:

A. It can cause bradycardia B. It can raise blood pressure C. It has potent antihistaminic effects D. It is not effective as a nasal decongestant

10. How often is intranasal cromolyn sodium administered?

A. Once every other day B. Once daily C. 3 to 4 times daily D. None of the above

11. Which of the following is TRUE regarding ipratropium for allergic rhinitis:

A. The proper dose is one spray 0.06% in each nostril, once daily B. It is effective for nasal congestion C. It is effective for rhinorrhea D. It works as an adrenergic agonist

12. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is used to treat both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Efficacy has been confirmed both by the subcutaneous and sublingual route in double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials.

A. True B. False

13. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Neti pot or other form of nasal irrigation,for the treatment of allergic rhinitis:

A. It may only be performed in a physician's office B. It is best used with a very hypotonic saline solution C. It may work to flush out potential allergens D. There is no evidence for efficacy in the medical literature

14. Which of the following patients would be potential candidates for allergen immunotherapy:

A. Those whose symptoms are not controlled adequately by medications and environmental control measures B. Those experiencing unacceptable adverse effects C. Those who desire to reduce their long-term use of medications D. All of the above

15. Advantages of oral/sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis, relative to subcutaneous immunotherapy include which of the following:

A. Multiple allergen preparations have been U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved B. Avoid multiple office visits C. Optimal dosing strategies have been defined D. It has been shown to be superior in efficacy to subcutaneous immunotherapy

16. The combination of omalizumab and immunotherapy is safe and clinically more effective than immunotherapy alone.

A. True B. False

17. Important monitoring parameters regarding use of high doses of intranasal corticosteroids include which of the following:

A. Monitor linear bone growth every 6 months in younger children B. Check blood sugars twice daily because of the potential for high systemic absorption C. Discontinue use if no results are seen in 5 to 7 days D. All of the above

18. Which of the following strategies should pharmacists implement to promote sustainable medication adherence:

A. Ongoing patient education B. Electronic refill reminders C. Positive reinforcement in adherent patients D. All of the above

19. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding oxymetazoline:

A. The route of administration is oral B. The brand name is Sudafed C. Rhinitis medicamentosa is one of its side effects D. It is ineffective for allergic rhinitis