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1. Triglycerides (TGs) are

A. Made up of long chain monosaccharides B. Made up from glycerol and 3 long-chain fatty acids C. Transported through the body on glycated proteins D. Inversely correlated with heart disease

2. Choose the correct statement from the following to complete the statement: Lipoproteins are

A. Hydrophobic spheres that transport lipids through the body B. Excreted by the kidney C. Not categorized by their size and function D. Not routinely monitored by health care providers

3. Which of the following lipoproteins exerts an atheroprotective effect:

A. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) B. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) C. Chylomicron remnants D. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

4. Which of the following is recommended by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III guidelines as the specified primary target of lipid-lowering therapy:

A. Decreased HDL-C B. Non-HDL-C C. Elevated LDL-C D. Elevated VLDL-C

5. Triglycerides (TGs) are primarily carried by which of the following:

A. HDL-C B. VLDL-C and chylomicrons C. LDL-C D. LDL-C and HDL-C

6. According to current recommendations, TG levels over 500 mg/dL should be treated with

A. Weight loss only B. Weight loss, > 2 g of fish oil, and pharmacologic therapy C. Weight loss and lovastatin D. Neither answer B nor C is correct

7. What is the percentage of Americans with borderline high TG levels.

A. 1.7% B. 18% C. 33% D. 52%

8. An 8% weight loss can reduce TG levels by

A. 1% B. 5% C. 10% D. 20%

9. Statins are primarily used to treat which of the following:

A. Low HDL-C B. High HDL-C C. High LDL-C D. High TG

10. Fibric acid derivatives are primarily used to treat which of the following:

A. Low HDL-C B. High HDL-C C. High LDL-C D. High VLDL-C

11. In a study of patients with type 2 diabetes, a comparison between statin monotherapy and the addition of a fibric acid derivative to statin therapy revealed which of the following:

A. Increased CVD events B. Decreased CVD events C. Did not significantly change the rate of CVD events D. None of the above

12. Treatment with bile acid sequestrants may have which of the following effects:

A. Increase HDL-C, reduce LDL-C and TG B. Reduce LDL-C and lower HDL-C C. Reduce TG and increase LDL-C D. Reduce LDL-C and increase TG

13. Treatment with niacin may have which of the following effects:

A. Reduce LDL-C and VLDL-C and increase HDL-C B. Increase HDL-C only C. Reduce TG only D. Reduce LDL-C and increase TG

14. A study comparing statin monotherapy with combination niacin and statin therapy revealed which of the following:

A. Reduced the rate of events B. Did not change event rates C. Reduced HDL-C D. Increased risk of hepatitis

15. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) include which of the following:

A. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) only B. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) only C. Alpha lipoic acid D. EPA and DHA

16. Choose the correct statement regarding the differences among EPA and DHA formulations:

A. EPA and DHA decrease LDL-C and increase TG B. EPA decreases LDL-C and increases TG C. EPA decreases TG and LDL-C D. DHA decreases TG and LDL-C

17. A study comparing statin monotherapy to treatment with combination EPA and statin therapy, revealed which of the following:

A. Reduced the rate of major coronary events B. Did not change major coronary event rates C. Reduced HDL-C D. Increased risk of hepatitis

18. There are no differences among the various fish oil products.

A. True B. False

19. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce TG levels by which of the following proposed mechanisms:

A. Inhibit key enzymes in TG biosynthesis B. Increase lipoprotein lipase TG clearance C. Competes with TG biosynthesis for use of fatty acid substrates D. All of the above

20. Choose the correct statement from the following:

A. There is strong evidence linking elevated baseline TG to CVD events, after the correction for baseline LDL-C and HDL-C are made B. There is strong evidence to indicate that reducing TG reduces the risk of CVD events independent of HDL-C and LDL-C C. Although the data are conflicting, experts agree that TG reduction therapy has the potential to reduce the risk of an adverse event for those with baseline elevated TG and/or low HDL-C D. None of the above