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1. Choose the correct statement from the following: Lipoproteins are

A. Water soluble spheres that transport lipids through the body B. Excreted by the kidney C. Not categorized by their size and function D. Not routinely monitored by health care providers

2. Which of the following lipoproteins exerts an atheroprotective effect:

A. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) B. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) C. Chylomicron remnants D. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

3. Which of the following is recommended by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines as the specified primary target of lipid-lowering therapy:

A. Decreased HDL-C B. Non-HDL-C C. Elevated LDL-C D. Elevated VLDL-C

4. Select the correct statement, from the following, pertaining to lifestyle modifications for high cholesterol:

A. NCEP ATP III recommends exercise for at least 15 minutes a day 5 days a week B. A 10% weight loss will reduce LDL-C between 20% to 30% C. Drug therapy is commonly not needed if patients adhere to lifestyle changes D. NCEP ATP III recommends physical activity for at least 150 minutes a week

5. Which of the following is recommended by NCEP ATP III guidelines as the secondary target of lipid-lowering therapy:

A. Decreased HDL-C B. Non-HDL-C C. Elevated LDL-C D. Elevated VLDL-C

6. VLDL-C is comprised mostly of_____, and LDL-C is comprised mostly of .

A. Cholesterol; cholesterol B. Cholesterol; triglycerides C. Triglycerides; cholesterol D. Triglycerides; triglycerides

7. HDL-C carries cholesterol from the __ to the .

A. Liver; periphery B. Periphery; liver C. Periphery; gastrointestinal tract D. Periphery; kidney

8. The FDA requires statin manufacturers to include a warning regarding cognitive dysfunction as an adverse event. From the following: select the correct statement regarding the adverse event associated with statins:

A. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that statins increase the risk of progressive dementia B. The cognitive impairment associated with statins is typically irreversible C. Chronic or clinically significant cognitive alterations were not common with statins D. Randomized trials show that statins may prevent dementia

9. A 38.7 mg/dL decrease in LDL-C levels can reduce cardiovascular disease related mortality by approximately:

A. 12% B. 19% C. 27% D. 35%

10. Suzanne has been initiated on simvastatin 5 mg today. The highest dose that simvastatin should be titrated to is

A. 10 mg B. 20 mg C. 40 mg D. 80 mg

11. The human body obtains cholesterol by which of the following methods:

A. Absorbing cholesterol through the gastrointestinal tract B. Producing cholesterol in the kidney C. Producing cholesterol in the liver D. Both A and C

12. Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, reduce cholesterol levels by

A. Inhibiting the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis B. Binding cholesterol-rich bile acids and increasing their excretion C. Inhibiting cholesterol absorption D. Increasing activity of lipoprotein lipase

13. Which of the following is the primary indication for treatment with a statin:

A. Elevated HDL-C levels B. Elevated LDL-C levels C. Elevated VLDL-C levels D. Elevated chylomicron levels

14. The JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) trial showed that rosuvastatin reduced the risk for cardiovascular events

A. In patients who experienced a previous cardiovascular event B. Even when LDL levels are near optimal; reducing LDL-C levels will improve outcomes C. Because increasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) will improve outcomes D. All of the above

15. In the trial Treating to New Targets (TNT), a participant treated with simvastatin 80 mg had _ CVD events and ___ overall mortality compared with those taking simvastatin 10 mg.

A. Fewer; Reduced B. Fewer; did not change C. The same number of; increased D. The same number of; did not change

16. In patients with a history of mild-moderate aortic stenosis, combination treatment with ezetimibe and simvastatin has been shown to __________________ compared with that of simvastatin and placebo.

A. Improve mortality B. Prevent more CVD events C. Decreased carotid arterial intima thickness D. Have a similar effect on the event rate of major CVD events

17. Omega -3 fatty acids reduces trigylceride (TG) levels by which of the following proposed mechanisms:

A. Inhibit key enzymes in TG biosynthesis B. Increase lipoprotein lipase TG clearance C. Competes with TG biosynthesis for use of fatty acid substrates D. All of the above

18. Fibric acid derivates increase the affinity of the liver's _ receptors, and enhance hepatic clearance of ____.

A. VLDL-C; LDL-C B. LDL-C; LDL-C C. LDL; VLDL-C D. HDL; LDL

19. The results of AIM-HIGH, a clinical trial to assess the effectives increasing HDL with niacin, revealed which of the following:

A. Raising HDL with niacin reduced strokes but not mortality B. Raising HDL with niacin did not change event rates C. Adding fibrates to statin decrease events in patients with type 2 diabetes D. Adding fibrates to statins does not decrease events in those with type 2 diabetes

20. Select the correct statement regarding cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. CETP inhibitors

A. Decrease the absorption of cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract B. Increase HDL-C by inhibiting HDL-C metabolism C. Inhibit a key enzyme in the production of LDL-C D. Inhibit VLDL-C transportation